indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
decider; person who decides; deciding factor; clincher; trump card
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
small build; small stature; petite; small pattern
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
evil; wickedness; (role of) the villain (in theatre, etc.); the bad guy
painter; artist; painter supported by patron
button (clothing); push-button
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
strength; power; proficiency; ability
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
enthusiast; mania; enthusiasm
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
koban; small oval gold coin used in the Edo period; oval; elliptical; small size (of paper)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to roll up; to hoist; to take away; to rip off (e.g. money from someone); to blow up (dust)
to fill one's own pocket by taking advantage of a position
local governor (Edo period); local magistrate; bailiff; deputy official (middle ages); acting administrator
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
chief retainer; daimyo's minister
to let go by; to let pass; to overlook; to miss
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge