early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
loose; slack; gentle (slope, curve); slow (speed); lenient; liberal
repeatedly; over and over again; several layers deep; layer upon layer; row upon row
to be piled up; to lie on top of one another; to come one after another; to happen over and over; to overlap (each other); to occur at the same time
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
grassy field; grassland; meadow; grass-covered plain; savannah; prairie
right in the center (centre)
to cross; to go across; to go through; to cut across
horizon (related to land)
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
that road (path, street, way, etc.); that line (of business); that profession; love affairs; romance
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
region; limits; stage; level
one's course; one's path; one's road
Engi era (901.7.15-923.4.11)
northern part; the north (of a region)
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
(horse-drawn) cart; wagon; dray
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o