Engi era (901.7.15-923.4.11)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
vast; extensive; immense; huge; large; grand
country; territory; domain; realm
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
form; shape; figure; visage
east, west, south and north
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to divide (into); to split (into); to share; to distribute; to distinguish; to discriminate; to break up (a fight)
region; limits; stage; level
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
grass; weed; (arch.) ninja; not genuine; substandard; LOL
to grow; to spring up; to sprout; to cut (teeth)
cold; coldness; chilliness
wasteland; wilderness; deserted land; prairie; vast plain; wilds
close thicket; dense forest; jungle; amazon.com
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
imagination; supposition; guess
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
scene; spectacle; sight; view
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
area; domain; territory; field; range; region