elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
older brother; elder brother
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tedium; boredom; dullness; to feel bored; to get bored with; to get tired of
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
when it becomes; when it comes to
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
it is not (like that) either
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
drama; play; Chinese opera
material (for a story, article, etc.); information; joke; jest; proof; evidence; (magician's) trick
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally