middle of summer; height of summer; midsummer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
town; city; municipal; urban
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
peace; tranquility; tranquillity; (arch.) happy-go-lucky
on the sea; on the ocean; offshore
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
carbon fiber; carbon fibre
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
artificial island; man-made island
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
overhead; above one's head; high in the sky
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to surround; to encircle; to enclose
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
time; (the) hour; favourable time; opportunity; chance
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
to crack; to develop a crack
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi