prefix for forming ordinal numbers
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
taking captive; carrying away; kidnapping; kidnaping; abduction
veil of darkness; curtain of night
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
alley; alleyway; teahouse garden; path through a gate (or through a garden, etc.)
corner; section; one horn; narwhal (Monodon monoceros)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
silver hair; gray hair; grey hair
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to spring; to bound; to be stimulated; to be encouraged; to pay handsomely; to splurge
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
to follow (road); to pursue (course); to follow up; to follow (hyperlink)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
humour; humor; safety; health; in a good mood; in high spirits
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
in that way; thus; so; so?
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
while; during; while; although; all; both
street corner; road turn; bend in the road; turning point; watershed
to bend; to curve; to turn; to be awry; to be askew
beyond that point; after that
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thin; slender; fine; unlucky
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
counter for jewels in a watch; counter for transistors, diodes, etc. in an electronic product