how long; how much; to what extent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to slaughter; to massacre; to butcher; to defeat soundly; to overpower; to vanquish
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
already; now; no longer; not any more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to memorize; to memorise; to commit to memory; to learn by heart; to bear in mind; to remember
scale (of fish, snake, etc.); serif (on kana or kanji (e.g. in Mincho font))
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
old person; senior citizen; the aged; the elderly
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
war; fighting; fierce competition
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
murder; killing; murderer
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
royal capital; imperial capital
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly