national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
sleeping pill; sleep medication
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
the vertical; height; front-to-back; length; north-to-south; vertical (relationship)
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
writing horizontally; horizontal writing
coolness; calmness; composure; all right; fine; OK
top and bottom; high and low; going up and down; rising and falling; going and coming back; upper and lower classes
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
some; any; in any way; of some kind; of some sort
action; operation; effect; function
to exert (influence); to exercise; to cause (e.g. damage); to do (e.g. harm); to bring about (e.g. benefits); to extend
inducing; causing; triggering; giving rise to
don't you think?; indicates question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
with a bang; with a crash; with a bump; suddenly (fall); sharply
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
chair; stool; post; office; position
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
recitation (of a poem); chanting; singing; composition (of a poem); composed poem
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
glasses; eyeglasses; spectacles; judgment; judgement; discrimination
double; two-fold; diplo-; dipl-; double-edged eyelid; double eyelid
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to guess; to conjecture; to surmise
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
pout; displeasure; ill humor; ill humour; sullenness
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
such; like that; that sort of; very