town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
article (in document); provision; stripe; streak; although; though
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
antique store; curio store
unique; rare; exceptional; unparalleled; incomparable
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
judgement; judgment; expert opinion; appraisal
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
sharp (blade); pointed; sharp (pain); stabbing; perceptive; keen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
unique; peculiar; singular
Kyoto man; man from Kyoto
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
surname; family name; last name
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
platform; home; home base; home plate
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
drawing; picture; diagram; sight; scene
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence