one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
(arch.) sitting outdoors; room that served both as a reception room and as a living room in a Heian-period mansion; temporary sitting place installed in the garden at the imperial court, used on the occasion of archery or sumo ceremonies
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
even; if only; if just; as long as; the only thing needed
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
not to mention ...; needless to say ...; not to speak of ...; (arch.) negligent; (arch.) neglectful; (arch.) careless
hands and feet; limbs; person at one's beck and call; person at hand; reliable worker
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
body; trunk; torso; hull (boat); fuselage (aircraft)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to hold one's nose; to pinch one's nose
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?