multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
crevice; crack; spare moment; interval; chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.); to look down into (a ravine, etc.); to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.); to sneak a look at; to take a quick look at; to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.); to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look up (at); to look up to; to respect; to ask for (e.g. guidance); to seek; to depend on
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to sigh; to breathe a sigh
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
interval; break; rift (in clouds)
to leak out; to escape; to find expression; to give vent; to leak out; to be divulged
light; faint; pale; fleeting
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
back street; back alley; off-street
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shine in (light); to illuminate
to rise (of a building, mountain, etc.); to tower; to soar
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
Kyoto and vicinity (esp. during Edo period); Kyoto-Osaka region; Kansai region
to cut off; to excise; to tear off; to cut out; to whittle down; to tear out
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
shout of abuse; jeers; boos
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
reality; actuality; hard fact
to bring back; to restore
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
cannibalism; biting (someone); man-eating (e.g. tiger); cannibalistic
barbarian tribe; savage tribe
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing