indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
anyone; anybody; everyone; whoever
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
in every nook and corner; from A to Z; from head to toe; from cover to cover
tightly (packed); densely; closely; crammed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
high-rise building; tower block; skyscraper
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
on rare occasions; once in a blue moon
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
for example; for instance; e.g.
to move (house); to change residence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in that way; thus; so; so?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in fact; as a matter of fact; actually; in reality; to tell the truth
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stab; to stick; to pierce; to thrust
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
aloof; morose; stuck-up; smelling strongly of something; having a pungent smell
to taper to a point; to become pointed; to become sharp; to look displeased; to look sour; to be on edge
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
right beside; close to; nearby