if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
some; several; many; how many; how much; very
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to benefit; to profit; to gain; to reap rewards
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
how long; how much; to what extent
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to remain; to be left over; to be in excess; to be too many
time; hour; period; class
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
very high; high up; aloft; only; merely; just
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
after that; afterwards; thereafter
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
chief seat; seat of honor; seat of honour; head of the table
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
with a start; in surprise; suddenly (realize, remember, etc.); all of a sudden; puffing (air); with a puff
to come to one's senses; to calm down
have a good day; take care; see you
to place both hands on the ground (to express respect, apology or to present a request)