come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
story; tale; talk; discussion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
anyone; anybody; everyone; whoever
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
among (other things); especially; particularly; inter alia; above all (else)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
number one; first; best; most; game; round
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
present; gift; to give a present or gift
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
suffix for familiar person
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
one day; (on) a certain day
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during