long ago; once upon a time
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at that time; in those days
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
to serve; to work for; to attend
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
after that; afterwards; thereafter
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
to disappear; to vanish; to abscond; to decamp
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
in comparison to; rather than
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
to dwell; to live; to stay at; to take shelter at; to be pregnant; to be part of a constellation
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward