late autumn (fall); (arch.) ninth month of the lunar calendar
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
all day long; all the day; throughout the day
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
evening glow; red sunset; afterglow (of sunset)
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
so; like this; in this way
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
again; once more; a second time
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance