indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thought; consideration; thinking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
downhill; downward slope; descent; decline; waning; ebb
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to run past from behind; to run through (e.g. gate, one's mind)
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to dance down (leaves, petals, etc.); to fall as if dancing
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
great speed; recklessly fast speed
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
while; during; while; although; all; both
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
scene; spectacle; sight; view
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to collect one's thoughts; to gather one's thoughts; to put one's ideas in order
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
failure; mistake; blunder
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
huang (female Chinese firebird)
educational institution; school; academy; campus
senior high school; high school
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
suitable; appropriate; becoming; fitting
lot area; site area; plottage; lot size
fullness; completion; enhancement; improvement; replenishment; repletion
equipment; facilities; installation; accommodations; conveniences; arrangements
feature; trait; characteristic; peculiarity; distinction
vast; extensive; immense; huge; large; grand
pupil; student; schoolchild
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling