the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
historic ruins (remains, relics); archeological site
treasure house; storage for valuable property
source (e.g. of a river); headwaters; origin of something continuous (language, culture, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
go that far; to that extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
neighboring town; neighbouring town; adjacent town
ruins (of a building, town, etc.); remains
mountain (or hill) behind a house, village, etc.; side of a mountain that gets little sunshine; envious; jealous
cavern; cave; cave system; grotto
school building; schoolhouse
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
door; gate; opening; title page
up through; up until; down to; from ... to ... (e.g. from head to toe); everything from ... to ...
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
not yet known; unknown; strange
uncivilized; uncivilised; undeveloped (land); unexplored (territory, field, etc.); unbloomed (flower)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
desperately; recklessly; rush headlong
to push on; to plunge forward; to push one's way to
vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard