at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
story; tale; talk; discussion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
suited figure; person in a suit
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
gallant; brave; imposing; awe-inspiring; severe; biting
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
(within) the (Tokyo) metropolitan area
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
smooth; shiny; slippery; greasy; slurping (noodles)
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
one face; one surface; the whole surface; one aspect; one side; (on) the other hand; one broad, flat object
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to collect; to assemble; to gather
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
rain shower in late autumn (fall) or early winter
suffix for familiar person
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to remove; to eliminate; to eradicate; to exclude; to except
returning from school; going home from school
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition