difficulty; hardship; trouble; infeasibility; inability (to carry out)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
conquest (of a difficulty, illness, handicap, etc.); overcoming; bringing under control; subjugation; victory over
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to blow through; to blow across
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shake; to sway; to waver
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
attached; belonging (to); included; enclosed; affiliated; annexed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
school building; schoolhouse
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
row of cherry trees (lining a street)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adept
autumn colours; fall colors; leaves turning red; red leaves; leaves turning yellow; yellow leaves; (Japanese) maple (Acer japonicum)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
October; tenth month of the lunar calendar
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent; to resonate clearly (e.g. voice); to become serene; to become tranquil; to pronounce as an unvoiced sound
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
the end; the extremity; the limit; the limits; the result
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to see without obstruction; to see through; to forecast; to predict; to anticipate
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
halfway up (down) a mountain; mountainside
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful