locational advantage; advantageous position; products from the land (farm output, timber, minerals, etc.); land rent
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
alarm clock; waking up; keeping oneself awake; type of candy given to a child after it wakes up from a nap
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
morning; forenoon; just before noon
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
creeping about; stirring restlessly; squirming
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to put out one's hand; to extend one's arm; to reach (for); to try one's hand at (something new)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
with a start; in surprise; suddenly (realize, remember, etc.); all of a sudden; puffing (air); with a puff
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to rise; to erect; to get up
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
twelve o'clock; noon; midnight
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
set; set meal; combo-meal; hairdo