so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
outline; summary; argument
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
second-year student; biennial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to be found; to be discovered
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
by means of; due to; because of; according to
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
arm; skill; efforts; ability
to wound; to injure; to hurt someone's feelings (pride, etc.); to damage; to chip
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself