junior high school student; middle school pupil
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
trouble; troubles; worry; distress; sorrows; anguish
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
results; record; grades; marks
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
club activities; extracurricular activities
myself; yourself; I; me; you
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be worried; to be troubled
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to become hungry; to get an empty stomach
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
diaper; nappy; (arch.) swaddling clothes; (arch.) loincloth
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get dirty; to become dirty; to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to afflict; to torment; to harass; to molest
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
properly; accurately; exactly; neatly; tidily; orderly
settlement; solution; resolution
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to hold a thing in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to embrace (e.g. a baby); to take upon oneself; to be saddled with
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to confide; to reveal; to disclose; to lay bare; to speak frankly; to open (one's heart)