indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
point spread; point difference
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
lead; leading; lead (of a newspaper, etc.); lede; lead (wire); lead (e.g. dog); leash
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
as expected; predictably; not surprisingly
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
simulation; simulation (of a foul); diving; flopping
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
useless; vain; aimless; idle
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
rather; better; instead; if anything
had better ...; had better not ...
great difference; big difference; wide margin
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to open the lid; to lift a lid; to open the lid (on); to make public; to start (something); to look at the results (consequences, outcome, effect)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture