indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
school; proof (of a book, document, etc.); counter for proofs
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
dawn (sometimes esp. in ref. to the 16th day of the lunar month onward)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lottery; lot; raffle; draw
binding (of a book); design (of a book cover)
book; volume; this; present; main; head
book-cover design; picture on the cover of a book
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
fiscal year (usu. April 1 to March 31 in Japan); financial year; academic year; school year; product year
opening ceremony (of the school term)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
balloon (esp. small, toy variety); airship; blimp
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to expand; to swell (out); to get big; to become inflated