I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say enough (as much as required); to say plenty; to say well; to say cleverly; to say often; to say frequently
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to one's regret; regrettably; unfortunately; what can be done about ...; ... cannot be helped
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much