myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
in that way; thus; so; so?
doubt; question; suspicion; dubiousness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thought; consideration; thinking
Kyoto and vicinity (esp. during Edo period); Kyoto-Osaka region; Kansai region
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
will; volition; intention; intent; determination
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
time; hour; period; class
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
consequence; outcome; result; blame
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
point; gist; essentials; knack; trick; the ropes
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk