if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to recall; to remember; to recollect
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
completely ordinary; plain; commonplace; everyday
feature; trait; characteristic; peculiarity; distinction
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
senior high school; high school
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
pupil; student; schoolchild
each (person); individually; one by one; one at a time; in turn
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
name; given name; first name
coincidence; agreement; conformity; consistency; cooperation
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
speaking of; (I told you) already; come on
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
of no interest; not interested
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
almost; roughly; approximately
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
one-sided; unilateral; arbitrary
to address (someone); to accost a person; to talk (to someone); to begin to talk; to start a conversation