illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
unevenness (of colour, paint, etc.); irregularity; unevenness (of quality, results, behaviour, etc.); inconsistency; fickleness; capriciousness
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
another meeting; meeting again; reunion
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
senior high school; high school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
close (e.g. in terms of relationship); intimate
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
unsatisfying; disappointing; abrupt; not enough; too quick; too short
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to take a bath; to have a bath; to take a shower
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
while; during; while; although; all; both
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
junior high school student; middle school pupil
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
senior high school student
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)