junior high school student; middle school pupil
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
(next-door) neighbour; neighbor
opinion; point of view; visual point
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
work style; way of working
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
absence; disregard; indifference
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(corporate) restructuring; downsizing; laying off people
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
don't you think?; indicates question
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
one's person; around one's person