clerk; office worker; kulak
meeting hall; assembly hall
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
rice and curry; curry rice
lunch; midday meal; food served at a tea party (tea ceremony)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
student (esp. a university student)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
while; during; while; although; all; both
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to fold one's arms; to link arms with someone
sleeping during the day; (afternoon) nap; siesta
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
argument; discussion; dispute; controversy
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
motionlessly (e.g. stand, wait); (be) still; fixedly (e.g. gaze, stare); intently (e.g. listen, think); patiently (endure); stoically
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
counter for chairs or seats
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
chair; stool; post; office; position
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of