chapter one; first chapter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
little girl; maiden; young lady; female usually between 7 and 18 years old
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
three; three years of age
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
heart; guts; nerve; central part
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
structure; construction; posture (e.g. in martial arts); pose; readiness; determination
to play a leading role; to play a central part
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
wonder; miracle; amazement; prodigy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
song of praise; eulogy; paean; hymn
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
widely; extensively; far and wide; everywhere; all around; generally
to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
to shine; to glow; to look attractive; to look nice; to be set off (by)
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to fill (with); to be filled with; to express (an emotion); to project (sadness, joy, etc.); to wear (e.g. a smile)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament