chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
old age; old person; the old; the aged
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
guide dog for the blind; seeing eye dog
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pedestrian crossing; crosswalk
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
ticket barrier; ticket gate; wicket
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be scheduled to (do); to be expected to (do)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
don't you think?; indicates question
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
unreliable; undependable; helpless; forlorn; worried; uneasy