if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
purchase; buying; buying used articles as a company; trade-in; purchase on a no-return policy; lump-sum payment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
exit; gateway; way out; outlet; vent; leak
every evening; every night
cavern; cave; cave system; grotto
ship's captain; skipper; length of a ship; boatman
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
this world; this life; world of the living
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
treasure; treasured item; prized possession
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
to search for; to seek for; to look for
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
to start rowing; to begin to row; to row out (e.g. to sea); to pull out; to start pedaling; to begin to pedal
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
time; hour; period; class
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy