if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
military science; military studies
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
student (esp. a university student)
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
private room; single (room); room for one; (toilet) stall
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
honorific/polite/humble prefix
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in spring one sleeps a sleep that knows no dawn; in spring one sleeps like a log
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
quickly; at once; right away; hurriedly
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
attendance (at school); going to school
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...