indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
this world; this life; world of the living
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
to mask; to cover; to cloak; to hide; to conceal
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dirt; filth; stain; blot; spot
fault; error; indiscretion; faux pas
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to get rid of; to erase; to dispel; to eradicate; to wipe away
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
rescue; extricate; reclaim; deliverance
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
after that; afterwards; thereafter
how; in what way; how about
to resuscitate; to revive; to regain consciousness; to come round
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
beginning; outset; first; onset
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good