indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
manners; courtesy; etiquette
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to go out and away; to leave
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to shame the name (of); to blot the reputation (of)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
to punish; to penalize; to penalise
adds force or indicates command
murder; homicide; manslaughter
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
accusation; complaint; charge; legal action
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
scene of the crime (offense, offence)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
witnessing; observing; sighting
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally