closing time; lockup; curfew
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
avenue; boulevard; tree-lined street
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
figure of a person; figures of people; shadow of a person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
stone paving; cobble paving; stone steps; check (pattern); pavé; rectangular dessert (usu. made from chocolate or several layers of sponge cake)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
notebook; copy-book; note; noting down; (musical) note; laptop (computer)
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
to face; to go towards; to head towards
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to coagulate; to curdle; to be fanatical; to be obsessed with; to stiffen; to become stiff
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to cross (e.g. road); to traverse
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
omen; portent; sign; premonition; harbinger; precursor
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
while; even though; despite
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen