right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at present; currently; so far; for now; for the time being
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
such; like that; that sort of; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
approximate age; apparent age; marriageable age (esp. of a woman); age of maturity; appropriate age (to ...); old enough (to ...)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
and then; in addition to that; also; even so
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to take a bath; to have a bath; to take a shower
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
only recently; just of late
scrubbing; getting grime off
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend