indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to take refuge in; to succeed in running away
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to find out; to discover; to locate
burning at the stake; burning to death
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
in some way; somehow or other; somewhere or other
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
how; in what way; how about
as far as the eye can see
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
one long straight object (e.g. strand of hair, beam of light, wisp of smoke); a single bloodline; earnest; resolute; (arch.) ordinary; (arch.) common
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to rain incessantly; to downpour
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
fingertip; finger; toe tip; toe
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stroke; to caress; to brush gently; to comb (hair); to smooth down
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)