always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
door; gate; opening; title page
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
stillness; silence; hush; calm; serenity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
instant; moment; for an instant
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
to spur on; to urge forward; to impel; to drive at high speed (e.g. a car)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the last moment; the very end
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
hit; success; guess; prediction; affability; friendliness; sensation
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such