indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
dozens; scores of; decades
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
such; this sort of; like this
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
in comparison to; rather than
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
pride; self-confidence; thinking highly of oneself; being proud of one's abilities or achievements
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
is something that; is that which
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
circumstances; condition; to arrange; to manage; to lend money; to raise money
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
last week; the week before
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
procedure; process; proceedings; formalities
one's (living) environment
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment
hectic; topsy-turvy; chaotic
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
senior high school; high school
so; like this; in this way
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do