not exceeding; and downward; below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level); the below-mentioned; the following
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
snake; serpent; large snake
a particular; a certain; that kind of; such a
crow (Corvus spp.); raven
wolf (Canis lupus); wolf in sheep's clothing; womanizer
badger; raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
actual place; actual location; the spot; place where one is currently living
collaborator; cooperator; coworker; ally
uncleanness; impurity; disgrace; shame; uncleanliness from contact with death, pregnancy, menstruation, etc.
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to remove; to eliminate; to eradicate; to exclude; to except
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
stranger; person from abroad
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
failure; mistake; blunder
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
case (e.g. receptacle, condition, event, legal action, letter style, etc.); Computer-Aided Software Engineering; CASE
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible