indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
manned; occupied; piloted
base (military, expedition, etc.)
evacuation; withdrawal; revocation; repeal; retreat
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
in line with this; therefore
opaque; obscure; opacity; obscurity; unclear; unpredictable
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
very much; very many; more and more
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at that time; in those days
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
law enforcement authority; police authorities; the police
by means of; due to; because of; according to
report (of news); reporting; news; information; (media) coverage
control (by the state); controlling; coordination; air traffic control
to spread out; to lay out; to take a position; to impose widely (e.g. over a city)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
mass communication; mass media
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
unnatural; artificial; affected; strained
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
free (of restraint, controls, etc.); free (of cost); freelance; one-size
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then