indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
through; throughout; through (the good offices of); by way of
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
wiping out; sweeping away; eradicating; dispelling
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
public order; public peace; public security; law and order
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
will; resolution; kindness; goodwill; gift (as a token of gratitude)
(social) position; status
(political) power; authority; influence
to raise (esp. overhead); to brandish (e.g. sword); to flourish; to wield (e.g. power, authority); to proclaim one's principles
than; from; out of; except; but; more
very; greatly; much; just about to; almost; very nearly
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
wherein; therein; thereinto
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
shogunate retainer; shogunate vassal
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at every opportunity; whenever possible; whenever the occasion arises; from time to time; occasionally
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to recall; to remember; to recollect
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to have grown tense (of a situation); to have become critical (and to be on the verge of a major upheaval)
overthrow of the shogunate
trend; tendency; momentum
rise; swell; elevation; upsurge
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major