lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
winter vacation; winter holidays
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
common people; ordinary people; masses
date (with someone); (social) outing (for two); date night; date (day)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be in high spirits; to be full of vigor (vigour); to be enthusiastic; to be eager; to stretch to breaking point
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan); sappanwood dye (red in colour); layered colour (light brown on the front, dark red beneath)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to look down on (someone); to make fun of
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
the New Year begins; the New Year starts
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
denotes uncertainty; such things as A and B; A and B and so on; A and B and the like
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
being very busy; busyness
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
time; hour; period; class
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
than; from; out of; except; but; more
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to that extent; accordingly; that being the case; that state; that condition
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
switching off (e.g. electricity); turning off (e.g. water); off-season; offset; off-road; off-line; off (the price)