cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; to open
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
stringing a bow; person who strings bows; crescent moon; paper lantern with a bow-shaped handle
city centre (center) (esp. capital city); urban centre; heart of city a metropolis
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to grow thickly; to be overgrown; to thrive; to grow in abundance
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
stairs; stairway; staircase
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
premises; grounds; campus; compound; precincts