horizontal (as opposed to vertical); lying down; side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; side (of a box, etc.); beside
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
pleasant; agreeable; comfortable; refreshing
craftsman; artisan; craft; craftsmanship; plot; scheme
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
flag; banner (administrative division of Inner Mongolia)
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
crow (Corvus spp.); raven
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
piece (in shogi, chess, etc.); (arch.) horse; (arch.) foal; bridge (of a violin, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
shade; shadow; behind (something); other side; background; behind the scenes
wife; bride; (one's) daughter-in-law
duck; easy mark; sucker; sitting duck
eaves; narrow aisle surrounding the core of a temple building
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
counter for articles; counter for military units; individual
pleasantry; joke; tomfoolery
to force; to compel; to coerce; to press; to impose
to mow down; to scythe down; to knock someone off their feet
Yue (kingdom in ancient China; 6th C-334 BCE); Vietnam
surplus-; excess-; over-; per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to mutter; to murmur; to grumble; to tweet (Twitter)
in that way; thus; so; so?