indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ought to have been; was ... right?; to do for (inferiors)
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
acquaintanceship; vijnana; consciousness; written by...
educational institution; school; academy; campus
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
quite; very; 10^48; quindecillion
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
senior high school; high school
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
(any) particular; special; particularly noteworthy; worth mentioning
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
results; record; grades; marks
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
lack of individuality or personality
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
route; course; path; one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be worried; to be troubled
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
life; living; I; me; student
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)