Meanings
Suffix
1. under (influence, control, conditions, etc. of); during (war, occupation, etc.)
Kanji used
below
Pitch accent
Top 2900
Used in vocabulary (141 in total)
corridor; hallway; passageway
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
subordinate person
lower half of the body
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
fall; decline; lowering; deterioration; degradation
under one's eyes; below one's eyes
lower grade; low class; junior (officer)
subordinate; underling; henchman; minion
lower floor; downstairs; bottom of the stairs; foot of the stairs
retainer; subject; vassal; servant
land near a castle; castle town
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain
lower layer; layer beneath; lower strata (classes)
low rank; lower position; subordinate position; lower order (e.g. byte)
under control (e.g. of territory)
inferior; base; vulgar; low grade; lower class
throwing down; dropping; airdrop; investment
lower part; substructure; subordinate (office); good and faithful servant
lower region; lower part; region below
going south
underwater; behind closed doors; behind the scenes; below the surface
downstream; lower reaches of a river; lower classes
lower tier; lower step; lower column; low position (of a sword in kendo, etc.)
non-commissioned officer
under blazing sun
one's pupil; one's student; one's follower
supervised; under surveillance
influenced (by); under an influence
lower jaw; mandible
in times of war
noncommissioned officer
the masses; the lower classes; the common people
below zero; sub-zero
order; command
being under military occupation
the following
in the prefecture; prefectural
the lowest; the worst
lower end; bottom edge
in the capital; in Tokyo
floor below; floor downstairs
the present time; current
underside; undersurface; inferior surface
being under the rule of; being under the government of
lower house; lower legislative chamber
below sea level; undersea; beneath the waves
subarachnoid hemorrhage; subarachnoid haemorrhage
subordinate position; lower position
subordinates; followers
servant girl
under the wing (esp. of an aircraft); under one's wing; under one's control
under the influence of
undergarment; underwear; lower garment (e.g. trousers)
work tabi; split-toed heavy cloth shoes with rubber soles
all over the world
under the rule of
lower half
under the ... administration; within the ... government
(moon's) last quarter
descending
nowadays
your honor (honour); his (or her) honor (honour)
enquiry; inquiry; consultation
lower side; lower edge; lower border; lower hem
suburban districts (of a metropolis); within an urban-prefecture
under one's jurisdiction
underline; underscore
subarachnoid hemorrhage; subarachnoid haemorrhage
lower world; this world; the earth
lower world; this world; the earth
place by the lamp; area under the lamp
subdural hematoma; subdural hemorrhage; subdural haemorrhage
mandible; lower jawbone
drip; drop; distill
second half of the year; second half of the fiscal year
undermentioned; undersigned
giving an order
the figure below; the lower chart (diagram, illustration, etc.)
condition of the common people
remaining text omitted (in quotation)
flowing down (e.g. water in a river); downward flow
nearby (one's seat); (by) one's side; Dear (Mr./Mrs.)
under the sword
preconscious (psychoanalysis)
very stupid (person); great fool; oneself
place by the lamp; area under the lamp
going off duty
inferior; low-class person
lower house (of Parliament, etc.)
the feelings of the people
burial mound with square flat base and round top
low-rank retainer
text at the foot of a page, document, screen, etc.
subarachnoid hemorrhage; subarachnoid haemorrhage
subliminal
inferior conjunction
15th day of the 10th lunar month
Samuel II (book of the Bible)
word of respect added to the addressee's name on a letter; under the desk
area below the pectoral muscle
lower leg bone (esp. the tibia and the fibula, but sometimes also including the patella)
beginning one's studies with something familiar and gradually increasing the depth of learning
bad physician; bad doctor
subdominant (note)
top and bottom; up and down; high and low; upper and lower classes; ruler and ruled; the government and the people
word of respect added to the addressee's name on a letter; under the desk
diagram below
side dish (to have with a drink)
lower respiratory tract; lower airway
infraorder
inferior frontal gyrus
descending tract
lower lobe (of lung); inferior lobe
lower bound
member of the lower house
downcutting; downward erosion; vertical erosion
legs; lower limbs
Obediently yours
infraclass
Kings II (book of the Bible)
pelvic girdle
Chronicles II (book of the Bible)
(house with a) gabled roof
sunken hearth; sunken fireplace
being romantically involved with someone of lower class (oft. of a woman)
Examples (5 in total)
I don't want to work under these conditions.
We are under his command.
It's hard to stay calm in a situation like that.